[step_graphics style=»5″ color=»#071870″][step style=»5″ text=»1″ headline=»»]%3Cp%3ELa%20mayor%C3%ADa%20de%20profesionales%2C%20aun%20en%20el%20%C3%A1mbito%20escolar%2C%20no%20pueden%20precisar%20con%20correcci%C3%B3n%20qu%C3%A9%20se%20celebra%20el%20d%C3%ADa%206%20de%20julio%20de%20cada%20a%C3%B1o.%20Para%20muchos%20se%20trata%20del%20%E2%80%9Cd%C3%ADa%20del%20maestro%E2%80%9D%2C%20empero%20se%20trata%20del%20%E2%80%9Cd%C3%ADa%20del%20profesor%E2%80%9D.%20%20Ambos%20t%C3%A9rminos%20parecen%20sin%C3%B3nimos%20o%20en%20todo%20caso%20equivalentes.%20Sin%20embargo%2C%20desde%20una%20perspectiva%20educativa%2C%20el%206%20de%20julio%20es%20el%20d%C3%ADa%20del%20profesional%20de%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%2C%20porque%20un%206%20de%20julio%20de%201822%2C%20Jos%C3%A9%20de%20San%20Mart%C3%ADn%20cre%C3%B3%20la%20primera%20Escuela%20Normal%20para%20la%20formaci%C3%B3n%20de%20profesores.%20Antes%20de%20esa%20fecha%2C%20la%20tarea%20de%20ense%C3%B1ar%20correspond%C3%ADa%20a%20las%20congregaciones%20religiosas%20extranjeras%2C%20porque%20ense%C3%B1ar%20era%20rezar%20o%20catequizar.%20Cuando%20se%20seculariza%20la%20iglesia%2C%20el%20naciente%20estado%20peruano%20empieza%20a%20crear%20sus%20propios%20organismos%2C%20sus%20propios%20profesores.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A[/step][step style=»5″ text=»2″ headline=»»]%3Cp%3ENombrar%20%E2%80%9Cprofesor%E2%80%9D%20o%20%E2%80%9Cmaestro%E2%80%9D%20parece%2C%20a%20simple%20vista%2C%20una%20discusi%C3%B3n%20f%C3%BAtil.%20Pero%20entre%20las%20condiciones%20para%20elevar%20a%20una%20ocupaci%C3%B3n%20como%20profesi%C3%B3n%20es%20que%20tenga%20su%20propio%20lenguaje%20o%20sus%20propias%20categor%C3%ADas.%20As%C3%AD%2C%20entre%20los%20m%C3%A9dicos%20al%20hacer%20el%20diagn%C3%B3stico%20no%20se%20podr%C3%ADa%20confundir%20ni%20por%20un%20instante%20%E2%80%9Ctifus%E2%80%9D%20con%20%E2%80%9Ctifoidea%E2%80%9D%2C%20o%20entre%20los%20abogados%20%E2%80%9Cinterdicci%C3%B3n%E2%80%9D%20con%20%E2%80%9Cinterdicto%E2%80%9D.%3Cbr%2F%3E%0ACon%20similar%20exigencia%2C%20en%20el%20campo%20de%20la%20Pedagog%C3%ADa%20debemos%20diferenciar%20categor%C3%ADas%2C%20aunque%20existe%20una%20variedad%20de%20t%C3%A9rminos%20no%20bien%20precisados%20que%20constituyen%20una%20panoplia%2C%20que%20no%20es%20sino%20una%20diversidad%20de%20categor%C3%ADas%20mal%20usadas.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A[/step][step style=»5″ text=»3″ headline=»En%20una%20exquisitez%20del%20lenguaje%2C%20los%20t%C3%A9rminos%20docente%2C%20profesor%2C%20maestro%2C%20pedagogo%20o%20educador%20no%20son%20lo%20mismo.%20″]%3Cp%3EEl%20hecho%20de%20tener%20una%20asignatura%20a%20su%20cargo%2C%20escribir%20en%20la%20pizarra%2C%20tomar%20ex%C3%A1menes%2C%20cobrar%20un%20sueldo%20o%20incluso%20hacer%20orientaci%C3%B3n%20o%20investigaci%C3%B3n%20no%20da%20rigurosamente%20la%20condici%C3%B3n%20de%20profesor.%20Quienes%20haciendo%20uso%20de%20su%20profesi%C3%B3n%20hacen%20labores%20de%20ense%C3%B1anza%20no%20son%20profesores%2C%20sino%20docentes%2C%20algunas%20veces%20maestros%2C%20s%C3%AD%20educadores%20dif%C3%ADcilmente%20pedagogos.%20Por%20otro%20lado%2C%20los%20padres%20de%20familia%20no%20son%20profesores%20de%20sus%20hijos%20ni%20pedagogos%2C%20aunque%20s%C3%AD%20pueden%20ser%20educadores%20y%20a%20veces%20docentes.%20Hagamos%20las%20diferencias%20a%20riesgo%20de%20generar%20una%20discrepancia%2C%20sobretodo%20con%20quienes%20se%20han%20agregado%20a%20su%20t%C3%ADtulo%20gestado%20en%20estudios%20acad%C3%A9mico-profesionales%2C%20otro%2C%20subrepticia%20e%20injustamente%2C%20el%20de%20profesor.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A[/step][step style=»5″ text=»4″ headline=»»]%3Cp%3EEn%20este%20art%C3%ADculo%20llamamos%20docente%20a%20la%20persona%20que%20realiza%20labores%20de%20ense%C3%B1anza%2C%20de%20instrucci%C3%B3n%2C%20de%20transmisi%C3%B3n%20de%20informaci%C3%B3n%2C%20ayudado%20con%20demostraciones%20pr%C3%A1cticas%2C%20con%20ex%C3%A1menes%2C%20con%20toda%20ese%20halo%20de%20magisterio.%20El%20docente%20puede%20ser%20o%20no%20profesor%2C%20finalmente%20su%20labor%20es%20ense%C3%B1ar.%20Por%20ejemplo%2C%20el%20que%20sabe%20que%20danza%20y%20ense%C3%B1a%20danza%2C%20es%20docente%20de%20danzas%3B%20el%20m%C3%A9dico%20que%20ense%C3%B1a%20en%20la%20universidad%20ser%C3%A1%20docente%20de%20medicina%2C%20pero%20no%20necesariamente%20profesor%20de%20medicina.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A[/step][step style=»5″ text=»5″ headline=»Profesor%20es%20el%20profesional%20de%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%2C%20es%20la%20persona%20que%20ostenta%20estudios%20y%20el%20t%C3%ADtulo%20para%20dedicarse%20a%20labores%20de%20ense%C3%B1anza%20y%20formaci%C3%B3n.»]%3Cp%3EPuede%20ser%20Licenciado%20en%20Educaci%C3%B3n%20o%20simplemente%20profesor.%20La%20calidad%20de%20sus%20estudios%2C%20la%20modalidad%20%E2%80%9Csemivirtual%E2%80%9D%20o%20hasta%20el%20p%C3%A9simo%20estudiante%20que%20fue%2C%20es%20otro%20problema%20no%20menos%20importante%20pero%20no%20materia%20de%20an%C3%A1lisis.%20Al%20parecer%20las%20ra%C3%ADces%20de%20%E2%80%9Cprofesor%E2%80%9D%20tienen%20una%20connotaci%C3%B3n%20sacra%20como%20%E2%80%9Cen%20pro%20de%20una%20fe%E2%80%9D%2C%20por%20ello%20sus%20s%C3%ADmiles%20son%20profeta%2C%20profeso%2C%20profesi%C3%B3n.%20Al%20profesor%20a%20inicios%20del%20siglo%20XX%20se%20le%20llamaba%20%E2%80%9Cpreceptor%E2%80%9D%2C%20%E2%80%9Cinstructor%E2%80%9D%20y%20cuando%20surgen%20las%20Facultades%20de%20Educaci%C3%B3n%20a%20mediados%20de%20la%20d%C3%A9cada%20del%2040%20se%20les%20llama%20licenciados%20en%20educaci%C3%B3n.%3Cbr%2F%3E%0AEl%20profesor%20tiene%20dos%20campos%20definidos%20de%20trabajo%2C%20la%20docencia%20y%20la%20administraci%C3%B3n.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A[/step][step style=»5″ text=»6″ headline=»Maestro%20proviene%20de%20%E2%80%9Cmagister%E2%80%9D%20que%20a%20su%20vez%20lo%20componen%20dos%20voces%2C%20%E2%80%9Cmagis%E2%80%9D%20que%20significa%20%E2%80%9Cm%C3%A1s%E2%80%9D%20y%20%E2%80%9Cter%E2%80%9D%20que%20significa%20%E2%80%9Ctres%E2%80%9D»]%3Cp%3EAlude%20%20a%20que%20el%20maestro%20debe%20saber%20tres%20veces%20m%C3%A1s.%20As%C3%AD%20lo%20era%20en%20la%20%C3%A9poca%20medieval%20cuando%20sab%C3%ADa%20m%C3%A1s%20que%20el%20oficial%20y%20m%C3%A1s%20que%20el%20aprendiz.%20Vulgarmente%2C%20maestro%20sigue%20asociado%20al%20desempe%C3%B1o%20de%20labores%20artesanales%20o%20peque%C3%B1os%20oficios%20como%20carpintero%20o%20alba%C3%B1il.%20Empero%2C%20en%20t%C3%A9rminos%20pedag%C3%B3gicos%2C%20maestro%20es%20la%20persona%20que%20por%20sus%20cualidades%2C%20pr%C3%A1ctica%2C%20obra%2C%20ideales%2C%20etc.%20tiene%20disc%C3%ADpulos%20o%20ha%20creado%20una%20escuela%20o%20corriente%20de%20pensamiento%20o%20de%20acci%C3%B3n.%20El%20maestro%20entonces%20puede%20tener%20o%20no%20formaci%C3%B3n%20acad%C3%A9mica%20en%20educaci%C3%B3n%2C%20puede%20ser%20o%20no%20profesor%2C%20lo%20que%20hace%20su%20distinci%C3%B3n%20es%20su%20capacidad%20de%20trascender%20y%20hacer%20trascender%2C%20de%20permanecer%20en%20el%20tiempo%20a%20pesar%20de%20los%20cambios%20generacionales.%20Por%20ejemplo%2C%20maestro%20fue%20Jos%C3%A9%20Antonio%20Encinas%2C%20que%20fue%20adem%C3%A1s%20de%20profesor%2C%20abogado%2C%20psic%C3%B3logo%2C%20antrop%C3%B3logo.%20Pero%20lo%20es%20tambi%C3%A9n%20Jos%C3%A9%20Carlos%20Mari%C3%A1tegui%2C%20que%20no%20termin%C3%B3%20la%20educaci%C3%B3n%20primaria%20ni%20estudi%C3%B3%20en%20la%20universidad%2C%20y%20siendo%20sincero%2C%20en%20buena%20hora%20que%20no%20lo%20hizo%2C%20hubiera%20perjudicado%20su%20educaci%C3%B3n.%20Cualquier%20profesor%2C%20y%20no%20digo%20un%20profesor%20cualquiera%2C%20no%20es%20maestro.%20El%20maestro%20tiene%20disc%C3%ADpulos%2C%20el%20profesor%20alumnos%20o%20estudiantes%2C%20mientras%20que%20el%20docente%20tiene%20discentes%2C%20y%20el%20educador%2C%20educandos.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A[/step][step style=»5″ text=»7″ headline=»El%20Educador%20%20es%20la%20persona%20que%20interviene%20en%20la%20formaci%C3%B3n%20de%20otra%2C%20de%20modo%20directo%20e%20indirecto%2C%20pero%20que%20trasciende%20en%20ella.»]%3Cp%3EEducar%20viene%20de%20educare%2C%20de%20%E2%80%9Cdar%20forma%E2%80%9D%2C%20y%20de%20ex%20ducere%2C%20o%20sea%20%E2%80%9Csacar%20de%20adentro%20hacia%20fuera%E2%80%9D.%20Educar%20no%20es%20privativo%20del%20profesor%20ni%20es%20un%20espacio%20de%20nadie%2C%20educar%20en%20un%20sentido%20riguroso%20supone%20alto%20profesionalismo%2C%20pero%20por%20su%20naturaleza%20misma%2C%20educar%20corresponde%20a%20los%20diferentes%20actores%20que%20se%20ha%20llamado%20%E2%80%9Csociedad%20educadora%E2%80%9D.%20Educador%20puede%20ser%20el%20padre%20o%20madre%20de%20familia%2C%20el%20estudiante%20de%20sus%20profesores%20o%20de%20sus%20compa%C3%B1eros.%20Educador%20puede%20ser%20el%20polic%C3%ADa%2C%20el%20vendedor%20de%20diarios%20o%20el%20periodista%20que%20dirige%2C%20y%20a%20veces%20mal%20conduce%20un%20medio%2C%20pero%20en%20fin%20de%20cuentas.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A[/step][step style=»5″ text=»8″ headline=»»]%3Cp%3EEn%20cambio%2C%20Pedagogo%20%20no%20es%20aquel%20que%20ense%C3%B1a%20pedagog%C3%ADa%2C%20sino%20el%20estudioso%20del%20fen%C3%B3meno%20educativo%2C%20es%20el%20cient%C3%ADfico%20entregado%20a%20la%20investigaci%C3%B3n%20educativa%2C%20quien%20proporcionaba%20teor%C3%ADa%20educativa%20que%20explique%20y%20predigan%20los%20hechos%20y%20fen%C3%B3menos%20educativos.%20%20No%20hay%20muchos%20pedagogos%2C%20porque%20la%20investigaci%C3%B3n%20est%C3%A1%20malvenida%20o%20menospreciada.%20La%20mayor%C3%ADa%20de%20trabajos%20de%20pedagog%C3%ADa%20carecen%20de%20rigor%20epistemol%C3%B3gico%20o%20sencillamente%20vuelven%20a%20concluir%20lo%20mismo%20que%20sab%C3%ADamos.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A[/step][step style=»5″ text=»9″ headline=»Pero%20estas%20consideraciones%2C%20el%206%20de%20julio%20es%20d%C3%ADa%20del%20profesor%20en%20recuerdo%20a%20la%20creaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20primera%20Escuela%20Normal%20en%20el%20Per%C3%BA.%20″]%3Cp%3ESin%20embargo%2C%20nuestro%20saludo%20a%20quienes%20ejercen%20labores%20de%20ense%C3%B1anza%2C%20aunque%20esperamos%20que%20sirva%20esta%20aclaraci%C3%B3n%20para%20evitar%20el%20uso%20indiscriminado%20de%20conceptos%20que%20permiten%20reivindicar%20al%20profesor%2C%20porque%20no%20se%20es%20profesor%20cuando%20uno%20quiera%20o%20donde%20se%20lo%20permitan%2C%20sino%20deben%20ejercer%20el%20magisterio%20quienes%20tengan%20compromiso%20con%20su%20vocaci%C3%B3n%2C%20que%20eso%20es%20lo%20que%20hace%20falta.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A[/step][/step_graphics]